Hydraulic mechanism



E. CANNON Aug. 9', 1927.

mnmuuc MECHANISM Filed May 25, 1923 6 Sheets-Sheet A 1927- E. CANNON.

HYDRAULIC MECHANISM Filed May 25, 1923 v 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 Aug. 9, 1927.

E.CA NNON HYDRAULI C .MECHANI SM Filed May 25, 192s e Sheets-Sheet 3 1,638,653 Aug.9, 1927, a CANNON,

HYDRAULIC MECHANISM Filed May 25, 1923 e Sh ets Sh eet 4 Q: giro. P?

Aug. 9, 1927.

Filed May 25, 1923- 6 Sheets-Sheet 1927. Aug E. CANNON HYDRAULIC MECHANISM Filed May 25} 1923 :Fatented 9,1 1 927 EARL claNNoN, or PHILADELPHI rENNsizLvaNIA, ASSIGNOR, BY .MESNE ASSIGN- MEN'rs, TO AMERICAN ENGINEERING COMPANY, 0E rriILApELrnIA. rENNsYL VANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

nnnaunrc MECHANISM.

Application filed Hay One object of this invention is to provide a simple, economical, compact and rellable combination of apparatus for'automatically controlling the supply of liquid under pressure to a hydraulic motor and more particularly for alternately delivering such liquid to and exhausting it from the opposite ends of a cylinder such asone designed to actuate the fuel feeding ram of an automatic stoker. A further object of my invention is to provide novel, means for automatically reversing the direction of flow of liquid ,de".

' livered from a continuously driven pump and the invention contemplates reliable and durable means whereby the times of such' reversal are made to/be dependent pn the pressure of said l1qu1d, occurmg when said pressure is-increasedfto or beyond a'predetermined point,

I also desire toprovide novel means for automatically reversin the direction of flow.

of liquid delivered rom a continuously driven pump to the opposite ends of a motor cylinder, together with means for automatically compensating for the differences in volume of the two ends of said motor cylinder.

Another object of'my invention is to .pro-

: vide a novel form of pressure operated relay controller andits associated valve;

mechanism for automatically causing reversal of the direction of flow of liquid delivsereql .by a continuously. operating pump.

These objects and other advantageous ends I attain as hereinafter set forth, reference being'had tothe accompanying drawings, in which,

.' Fig. 1 is. a diagrammatic plan, partly'in quantity and direction of the flow of is a horizontal section takenf' 1928. semi No. 641,443.

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of theshut .tle valve;

Fig. 7 is a horizontal longitudinal sect1on of the motor for actuating the strokecontrolling element of the continuously driven pump;

Fig. 8 is a horizontal longitudinal section of one form of motor which may be operated by means of my invention;

Fig. 9 is a plan partly in section of an-v other form of motor; and,

Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic view, partly in section illustrating a modified arrangement of the apparatus collstitutingrmy invention. In Fig. 1 ofthe above drawings, 1 repres sents a casing constituting an elongated guideway designed for connection to the outer or forward end of a retort of an automatic stoker, for which purpose it is open andoutwardly flanged at one ,end' and has reciprocablewithin it ahollow cylindrical ram 2. This ram coacts with a'stationary piston 3 supported by a rod or stem 4 from theoute'rend of the casing 1. The opposite ends of the said cylinder are supplied with liquid under pressure through passages 5 and 6 extending through said rod 4. The a apparatus hereinafter described is primarily designed to alternately supply liquid under pressure to'and exhaust it from the opposite ends of the'cylinder 2 through the passages 5 and 6. Said apparatus comprises primarily a' suitable pump 7 continuously drivenu'n ,one direction by.'a source of power such as' the electric motor 8. Thispump is prefer-f ably of the type described and 'claimed inpatent to Hale-Shaw and Martineau, No.

1,077,979 dated' November 11, 1913 and includes a shiftable element whereby the uid will be varied through twoconduits' 9 and 10,the arrangement being such that when the shiftable elementindicated at 11 (Fig.4)

is moved in one direction, liquid is delivered under pressure through the conduit 9 and is* drawnyinto the pumpthrough the conduit 10,- while when said elementis shifted in the" oppositev direction, fluid is delivered throu h the conduit 10 and drawn n. through tie conduit 9. In the middle-position of the sh-iftable element 11, there is no flow through either of said conduits, Y

For actuating the shiftable niember-fl of the pump 7, I provide amotor in the form of a cylinder 12 having a piston 13 connected by a rod 14-to a cross bar 15. latter is slidably mounted ona pair of rods 1616 on which is fixed a second cross bar 17, and-,a coil spring 18 is confined between the said cross bars -17 so as to cushion 1 the action of the motor 'piston l3v on therods 33 (Fig.5) 34 one end of which, through a conduit '35,

16. Said rods 1616 are connected to the shiftable element 11, of the pump 7 and in order to make possible the adjustment of the throw or displacement of saidelement under the action of the iston 13, I mount on said .rods wedges 20 a justable between the cross bar 17 and suitable abutments' 21 on the adjacent portion ofthepump casing. I I

In order to provide for the regulation of the movement of said element 11 in both di- 2 Ascrew 30 swivelled to. a suitable bracket 31 is threaded through the cross bar 29 and provided with an operatin 'handle 32 in the form of a hand wheel fixed to its upper end.

- The two sets of wedges 20 and 24 areoppositely set so that swinging of the levers 28-28 .on their supporting lffulcra by rotation of,the screw 30 simultaneously increasesor diminishes the gistance between the cross bar 17 and the a utments' 2 1 ahd between the crossbar 23 and the abutments 25'and 1 thus regulates the distance through which it is possible to displacethe adjustable strokecontrolling element 11 of the pump 7 from its mid. or neutral position. Thus, the raising of the wedges 24'and the simultaneoii's lowering of the wedges 20 will increase the possible movement of the element 11 to either side of its neutral position.

Q For controlling 'the'supply liquid under pressure to the cylinder 12, I rovide a valve having a cylin rical chamber is connected to one end of saidcylinder 12 while its opposite end is connected through a second conduit 36 to the secondvend of said cylinder. WVithin the chamber 34 is mounted a piston valve 37 having axial perforations 37 whereby when the piston valve '37 is in one. position it permits fluid under pressure to flowfrom a supply pipe 38-through the conduit 36 while at the same time permitting liquid under pressure to exhaust from the conduit 35 into the exhaust pipe 39. When the piston valve 37 is in its otherextreme Foractuating the piston valve 37, I provide 'a pressure responsive controller -(indicated at 40 in Fig. 5) which consists essentially of a casing having two chambers 41.and 42, into,which extend two plungers 43 and 44 respectively. The latter have suitable stuffing boxes where they enter said chambers and are connected through cross heads 4545 to a pair of parallel bars. 4646 slidably guided in the bearings pro- 2 vided by structure 47 which has the chambers 41 and 42. Springs 4848 are mounted on the bars 4646 in such manner as to tend to" retain theplungers 43 and 44in as well as return them to inid or neutral positions,

andsaid plungers are connected with the piston valve 37 through arod 50: Thelatter opposite sides of and separated from a third collar 53 fixed to one of the cross bars'45 position, it permits fluid under pressure to I -flow into the conduit 35 and exhaust from 'the conduit. 36-through the perforations 37 is provided with two collars 51 and 52 on and the arrangement-is such that movement 1 of the plungers 43 and '44 in one direction from their mid or neutral position will move the piston valve 37. from oneto the other of,

its extreme positions but will not retard it in returning to the mid position. The two chambers 41 and 42 are connected to fluid supply pipes through conduits 54 and 55,5 which in a typical. case, are arranged as shown in Fig. 1. The two conduits 9 and 10 of'the pump 7 v are connected through'branch pipes 56 and '57 with the passages 5 and'6, respectively, for sulpplying the cylinder 2. The conduit 9 is a so'connected-through a check valve -58 with the conduit 54 supplying the chamber 42 of the controllerv 40,

while the conduit 10. is similarly connected to the conduit 55, supplying the chamber 41 ofsaid controller through a ,check' valve.

59. Said two conduits 9 and 10 through ,a

pairof check valves 60 and 61 are both connected to the supply conduit 38 of the valve 33.1 I preferably also connect said two conduits 9 and 10 through branches 62 and 63 of which the first contains a safety valve 64 for relieving abnormal pressure in the con-' duit- 10 and the second contains a safety valve 65 .for relieving abnormal pressure in the'conduit 9.

In order to provide for the 'difierence volume or capacity ofthe opposite ends of the cylinder 2,,QI connect between the con.-"

.duits' 9 and 10 a shuttle valve 66 (shown in I I detail in Fig. 6) 'mal iing this in the form n of a cylinder whose opposite ends are respectiv-cly connected tothe two conduits 9 and 10. Said cylinder in addition has a central port 67 connected through a pipe 68 with a suitable tank 69 into which surwhich it may be drawn when required.

" Within the cylinder of the shuttle valve plus liquid (may be discharged and from ili excess of fluid forced toward the pump 7,

' v l t I 66,.I' mo1int a. movable, valve element 70 con sisting fof a-pair of discs 71 and 72, connected by a guide spindle and so constructed that when in one extreme position it permits communication between the pipe 9* leading to the pipe 9 and the pipe 68, While communication is'cut off between said latter pipe'and'tliepipe connected to the ipe l0, Inthe other position as illustrat' in Fig. ofcomin'unicatien is permitted pnder the disc 72v to the-pipe- 10! and. the pipe 68%and is cut ofi bv the 71 between the piggy and thei'plpe 68. Y

' ithithe above described arrangement or parts, 'ilf it be assumedthat the electric .motori8' is supplied with current, then as lofigasthe element 11 of the pump 7 is in ,itsposition,'*the rotor of said pump is ff'actuate'd without moving fluid through..- lpipes 9 and 10.- "Know the element 11 be displaced to the left (Figs. 4 and .7.) foriex- "pr u 3 11 n v and paSS, .2'e;'5 into-the outer end of'the g'ylin .der 2. As a result, the cylinder 2 is iiioved toward the .closed'or outer end of the casing 1. and "fluid (which it is assumed .fills the inneror opposite end f said cylinder. as

well as all the piping) is exhausted through the passage '6 and is drawn through the conduit 10 into the pump 7 Since, however.

this inner end of the cylinder has a greater volume than the'oute'r end which is being filled by fluid under pressure, thereis an and since the 'fluid under pressure in the r'pipe 9 acts through the pipe 9 against the disc 71 this latter assumes the position shown in Fig. '6, allowing the excess of liquid to flow 'from the pipelfl through the pipe 10, under the disc 72 into the pipe 68 and to the tank 69. The above described action continues until such-time as the cylinder 2 has completeditsstrokewhen, obvious ly its further movement is. impossible and owing to the continued operation of the pump 7 the pressure'of liquid in the pipe -9 is materially increased. Such increase nested thereto.

plunger 44 is moved out of saidchamber naturallv occurs also 'in'the pipe'54 and in the chamber 42 of the controller con- As, a consequence, the

free.to flow t rough the pipe 38 and" f cavityof the valve 33, into the pipe 35, thus "admitting said fluid to the motor cylinder 12, Fig. 7 and causing shifting of the piston 13;, to the right. This movement 1s m'ade possible by reason of the connection of the pipe 36 through the axial perforations 37' 7 .will deliver fluid under" into pipe 9 as. required.

.in the valve element 37 with" the exhaust pipe 39.

The: adjustable element 11 otthe pump which'is connected to the piston 13 is thus shifted from one extreme position to the other sothat fluid under pressure is (lelivered. to} the pipe 10 land (drawn -into the pump from the pipe 9."* The resulting reduction of pressure permits the springs-48- to return the plunger 44 to its mid position, although this action occurs without effecting the valv lenient. 37 since the ollar 53 on the cross ead 45 does notengage either of the collars 51 01352. F luidunder pressure thereupon flows-from the pipe 10 of the cylinder-2, causing this to moveinwardly toward the position shown in Fig.

through the passage 6 into the inner end 1, while fluid is drawn'from the opposite end-ofsaid cylinder through the pipes 5 and 9*in tg the pump.

Since "the capacity ofthe inner end of the -.,c'y-linder. 2 is greater than that of the outer end,- the liquid required to make up 'the difference is'supplied to the pump 7 by the faction of the shuttle valve, whose movable element 70 is acted, on by fluid, under pressure'fro'm the pipes 10 and 10 when said pump is reversed, so that pipe 9, is con- 'nected to the pipe 68 whereupon liquid is drawn from the tank 69 through these pipes Liquid continues to supplied under pressure tov the inner end of the cylinder 2 until. thishas been .moved to the position shown in Fig. 1, whereupon the sudden increase in pressure in the pipe-wand hence in the pipe 55 results in the plunger '43 being moved outwardly from the-chamber4l against the action of the springs 48 so as to shift the movable element- 37 of the valve 33 back to the position shown in Fig. 5.

The piston l3'of themotor 12 is thus a ain 4 actuated and the movable element 11 01 the pump 7 shifted to its other extreme position in which fluid under-pressure is .de

livered tothe pipe 9 and drawn in to the pump from the pipe IO. u

The above described cycle oQf operations will be repeated as long as the pump '7 is operated by itsmotor 8, thus automaticalLy causing the reciprocation ofthe cylinder-2 and in the case illustrated causing this ele- I ment to intermittently feed fuel into the retort of a furnace. Obviously, any desired number of similar reciprocable or other motor units may be connected to the .pipes 9 andlO, which with their associated pump and motor are made of the capacity requip rform.

to (permit of'the relatively high pressure and su den shifting of the movable pumpele- 'ment 11 incident upon the arrangement ref to for the work they' are called upon to If it .be ,ifound dangerous or objectional apparatus above described, I may. without departing from my invention utilize the.-

combination of mechanism shown in Fig. 10,

wherein I provide an auxiliary controller l 73 "in the form of a cylinder "connected throughvpip e s 74 and 75 to the pressure sup-. ply pipes 9 and 10. This cylinder coptains a piston 76 which through a rod 77 is con-. nected to one end of a fioating lever 78 fulcrumed ator adjacent its middle point' to a rod in every way similar to the rod 14, Fig. 7, and like it connected through a cushion spring 18 with the operating 'rods 16-of.

the movable pump element 11. Theoppo site end of the lever 78 is connected to the piston rod 14 of the motor-.12 and the rod 77 with the piston 76 is acted on by acen'tering spring 79 so'that it tends to return" to or remain-in a mid or neutral position.

With this arrangement of parts, whenthe' operation of the pump 7 causes fluidyunder pressure tobe delivered to thei 'pipe 10 for example, the gradual increase in pressure of said pipe during the continued delivery of liquid to the cylinder 2 will cause the piston 76 of the auxiliary controller 73 to be moved toward the right against the action of the spring 79, while the piston 13 of the. motor.

12 remainsin its extreme left hand position. As a consequence, the lever 78 moves toward and finally into position indicated by the,

dot and dash line wa, Fig. 10, thus so moving the rods 16 that the controlling, element- .11 of the pump is shifted gradually toward.

its mid or neutral position. The amount of fluid delivered by the pump 7 to'- the pipe 10 is thus gradually decreased;- until [when finally the cylinder- -2'reaches the extreme end of its stroke, the resultant increase ressure in the pipe-1O is not so great'aii the I operation of the apparatus is notso violent in the case previously described. The

' piston 13 of the motor 12 is as before moved.

to the right, thus shifting the lever 78 into position bb and reversing the pump 7 .so that liquid under pressure "is delivered to thecpipe 9 and the above described cycle of operations is indefinitely repeated.

- As will be understood by those skilled in the art, I mayemploy any of a number of different types of motors'in place of the motor 2-3 shown in Fig. 1 since as shown in Fig. 8 for example, I may connect the pipes!) and 10 to a pair of cylinders 80 and 81 and so mount these that av single plunger 82 connected to any desired form of apparatus may have its opposite ends extendirlg into them obviously, the alternate delivery of liquid to and its exhaust from thesecylinders will result in reciprocation of the plunger 82 and the actuation of the mechanism connected thereto.

On the other hand. I may connect the pipes 9 and 10 to any suitable form of rotary motor 83 (Fig. 9) and adjustably control the length of time I elapsing. 1

for which said miitor is 'actuatedlin each direction by .proVidinTits rotor with a" threaded shaft 8 carryingadjustable stops" 85 and 86:v fixed toit-at any desired distances apart: Also niauhted; on. the'shaft 84 isa 1iut 87"'and*it is, obyiousthat when by rotag tion'pf *said 'slia ft said :riut 87; is caused to engage either 'one id f.;,th.egstops, the resulting increase load. innthe" motor? 83 will like-L wise increase ;t-he jpressur in one of (the pipes i9o r 1;O, v soathatthegfl ovof liquid in, these latter is r ersed; as above described with a consequent reversal-.ofthel ctor" 83. Bya 'iu n -th -det i e hetwbe t at lution's ofjthe'i mot iLjThe combination; vqtl a ciontilriuoilsly Cop; crating pump; a motor connected/to be I a e-armies time; ff $31. ve

pressure actuatedmeans; for automatically;

reversing the" diredtiomotfllloworfia aaeg livered by. said p m ;t6periodica1ly reverse f the motor.

' 2. Thecomb ination'of arcontmuously op-l era'tingipump; twop'ip'esforsaid pump; a

therein.

The combination ofgtwo-pipesaa pump operatively associated therewith and including an element for reversing the directionof gmotorco fnectedto said pipes; and a device connected tobe actuated by changes in pres-' sure of liquid in'said pipes for automatically eversing the direction of flow of liquid ,a flow of liquid; in saidpipes'; a' motor connected to :be actuated by liquid flowing through said pipes; and pressure responsive means for operatipg the flow reversing ele- The combination of two pipes; a pump ively associatedv with said pipes; an

-r element for reversmg the direction of flow of liquid in s'aid'pipes; a motor mounted to be actuated by liquid fiowiiig through said pipes; and means actuated by liquid under abnormal pressure in either of said pipes for operatingthe flow reversing element. v 5. The combination of two p'pes; a puni operatively associated the'rewith'and inclu ing an element for reversing the direction of a flow of liquid in said pipespa motor connected to be actuated by liquid flowing through said pipes; pressure responsive mounted to be actuated by liquid flowing said pump; .a valve for controlling the op-. eration of said auxiliary motor and a device for operating the val'veconnectedto be act- Lasagna;

means for operating theflow reversing elee ment; with a device for adjustin the dis placement of the How reversing e ementon" erating pump; a main motor connecte to be.

actuated by fluid under'pressure from-said pump; an auxiliary motor connectedto cause reversal of the direction of flow of fluid delivered by the pump; a valve-control-- ling said auxiliary motor; and a device re.--

sponsive to variations in pressure of the fluid delivered by the pump, for actuating said valve. i 8. The combination of a continuously 0p crating pump; a main motor connected to be. actuated byfluid propelled by said pump;

the direction of flow of fluid delivered by uated by fluid delivered from the pump when the pressure of said fluid increases to a pre-;-

determined amount.

-9. The combination of a continuously op erating pump; a fluid motor; two pipes connecting said pump to the motor; an, auxiliary motor for causing reversal ofthe direction of flow of fluid 1n said pipes; a valve for controlling the operation of the auxiliary motor; and a device connected to said pipes including an element operative to actuate said valve when the pressure. of fluid in either pipe exceeds a predetermined amount.

10. The combination of a pump; a reversible fluid motor connected to saidv pum' and having a greater capacity for fluid when operated in one direction than when operated in the opposite direction; means for automatically reversing the direction of flow of fluid to said motor upon a predetermined rise of pressure of the fluid delivered by said pump; and a valve responsive to fluid pressure automatically operable to permit the" escape of excess fluid when the motor is operated in one direction and to supply of the deficiency of flui occurring when-said motor is operated int-he opposite direction.

11. The combination of .a continuously operating pump with a reversible fluid motor; two pipes connecting said motor with the pump; means for. periodically reversing the direction. of fluid flow in said pipes to cause reversal of the motor; and a valve -respons1ve to pressure for perm1ttmg the escape of surplus fluid when the motor is I operated in one direction and for permitting the supply of'fluid to make up thedeficiency thereof when said motor is operated in the reverse direction.

12,- The combination of a continuously operating pump including a shiftable eleby the pump.

y m er. isix f isa e 1 an auxiliary motor for causmg reversalof 3' "means for actuating said element connected ermit the liquiddelivered; a-moto'r for actuating said YI ishiftabl e; element;-* and a device responsive to'abnormal pressiiife ..o{f thei liq-uid deliveredprfcontrolling the operation pf said motor-L 13. ;-The combination "of .fa continuiiuslyy. operating/pump including a shiftable-fiOW- direction-controlling,le Iemerit;; -a motor ir. T

operating said element a 'ivalve for controlling said motor a-cylind'eji connectp'd tore ceive liquid froni .".sa idia, piston in a said cylinder operativelyconneotedtosaid 'valvegwi'th spring normally hqlding said piston- .infa neutta1mo'sit io burger-,1

mitting its movemn' P t F 14. The combination of a icontinuously operating pump a motor havingfa recipro- I eating; element including -''as' part thereof-a J cylinder',vtlie two endsfof-iwhich have, dif-.

ferent 'capacities';pipes connecting said mo. f; a

tor with "the pump; means for; causing'reversal of; the flowof fluid from" the to the motor; a 'tank'f-and an automatic pressure responsive valvvconnected to deliver. fluid to the tank, when the movable element of the. motor is being driven in one direction; and to cause fluid; to be-kdrawn from the tank into said pipes wharf said motor is being operated in the apposite" direction. i all 15. .The combination" in a continuous'l'y operating pumpjncluding a s'hiitable-flowdIIGQIJlOII-C'OIItIOlllDg element; automatlc to be operative upon a predetermined rise f pressure of the liquid .dielivereiisby 881d pump; and means operative ,to gradually reduce the flow ofiliq'uid delivered by said pump prior to the operation of Sa1dfiISt means. a v" 16L The combination of a continuously operating pump including a shiftable-flowdirection-controlling element; a motor for operating said element connected to be actuated by-a predetermined rise of ressure o I liquid delivered by the pump; an' an 81ml];- iary motor connected to operate sald element 7 to gradually reduce the flow of l1qu1d from' the pump priorto the operation of sald element by the first motor. 1

17. The combination of two pipes a pump means for reversing the direction o f flow of liquid propelled by said pump in said p pes; a motor mounted to be actuated by iquid flowing through said pipes; and means ac tuated by liquid under abnormal pressure in either of said pipes for operatlng said, first-mentioned means. 1 8. The combination of a continuously operating vpum ;a motor connected to be driven by flui propelled by said pump;

pressure actuated means for automatlcally reversing the direction of flow of fluid de-. liveied bywsaid pump, to. periodically reverse ram, vsaid motor having a greater capacity for fluid when operated in. one directionthan whenvope'rated in the other; of a valve responsive to the fluid ressure so operamit the escape of excess fluid when the mo ter' is operated in one-direction and to permit theqsupply of the 'deficiencyjwhen the motor operatedinthe other dlrectlon.

' tivelyassociated with sald motor as to per- 

